What does the term 'Niyama' refer to in yoga?

The term 'Niyama' refers specifically to ethical conduct in the practice of yoga. In the context of the Eight Limbs of Yoga as outlined by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras, Niyama represents the second limb and encompasses a set of personal observances or guidelines that promote self-discipline and spiritual growth. These practices encourage individuals to cultivate a positive and respectful attitude towards themselves and others, thus enhancing their overall well-being and alignment with yogic principles.

Niyama includes elements such as cleanliness (Saucha), contentment (Santosha), austerity (Tapas), self-study (Svadhyaya), and surrender to a higher power (Ishvara Pranidhana). Each of these aspects is designed to foster a deeper connection with oneself and the world, serving as a foundation for further yogic practices.

In contrast, other terms listed refer to different aspects of yoga. Yoga postures (asanas) relate to physical practices aimed at improving strength and flexibility. Spiritual insight, while a desirable outcome of the yogic journey, is more a result of practice rather than a defined aspect like Niyama. Breathing techniques (pranayama) focus specifically on the art of breath control, an important practice